It was tasked with providing personal protection for Hitler at party functions and events. In 1925, Hitler ordered Schreck to organize a new bodyguard unit, the Schutzkommando (Protection Command). The Stoßtrupp was abolished after the failed 1923 Beer Hall Putsch, an attempt by the Nazi Party to seize power in Munich. The unit was renamed Stoßtrupp (Shock Troops) in May 1923. Originally the unit was composed of eight men, commanded by Julius Schreck and Joseph Berchtold, and was modeled after the Erhardt Naval Brigade, a Freikorps of the time. The new formation was designated the Stabswache (Staff Guard). He wished it to be separate from the "suspect mass" of the party, including the paramilitary Sturmabteilung ("Storm Battalion" SA), which he did not trust. The same year, Hitler ordered the formation of a small bodyguard unit dedicated to his personal service. Origins Forerunner of the SS Nazi Party supporters and stormtroopers in Munich during the Beer Hall Putsch, 1923īy 1923, the Nazi Party led by Adolf Hitler had created a small volunteer guard unit known as the Saal-Schutz (Hall Security) to provide security at their meetings in Munich. Ernst Kaltenbrunner, the highest-ranking surviving SS main department chief, was found guilty of crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg trials and hanged in 1946. After Nazi Germany's defeat, the SS and the Nazi Party were judged by the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg to be criminal organizations. The SS was also involved in commercial enterprises and exploited concentration camp inmates as slave labor. Members of all of its branches committed war crimes and crimes against humanity during World War II (1939–45). The SS was the organization most responsible for the genocidal murder of an estimated 5.5 to 6 million Jews and millions of other victims during the Holocaust. They were tasked with the detection of actual or potential enemies of the Nazi state, the neutralization of any opposition, policing the German people for their commitment to Nazi ideology, and providing domestic and foreign intelligence. Additional subdivisions of the SS included the Gestapo and the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) organizations. A third component of the SS, the SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV " Death's Head Units" ), ran the concentration camps and extermination camps. The Allgemeine SS was responsible for enforcing the racial policy of Nazi Germany and general policing, whereas the Waffen-SS consisted of the combat units of the SS, with a sworn allegiance to Hitler. The two main constituent groups were the Allgemeine SS (General SS) and Waffen-SS (Armed SS). From the time of the Nazi Party's rise to power until the regime's collapse in 1945, the SS was the foremost agency of security, mass surveillance, and state terrorism within Germany and German-occupied Europe. Under his direction (1929–1945) it grew from a small paramilitary formation during the Weimar Republic to one of the most powerful organizations in Nazi Germany. In 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and given its final name. It began with a small guard unit known as the Saal-Schutz ("Hall Security") made up of party volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. ' Protection Squadron ') was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II. The Schutzstaffel ( SS also stylized as ᛋᛋ with Armanen runes German pronunciation: ⓘ lit.
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